Nitric acid hno 3 is added in water samples for heavy metal analysis during the sampling of water. Nitric acid environment, safety, health, and quality division. The main industrial use of nitric acid is for the production of fertilizers. The plants range in size from 6,000 to 700,000 tons per year. Greenhouse gas emissions from the nitric acid production. Ammonia gas is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide by oxygen. After the student finished using the pipette, it was blown out, turned upside down, and propped against another piece of. Vapor pressure curve for pure nitric acid 178 nitric acid, nitrous acid, and nitrogen oxides vol. Nitric acid manufacturing process uses ostwald process. The history of the modern nitric acid process really begins in 1901 when w. Ostwald process for producing nitric acid worldofchemicals.
It is highly corrosive, strongly reactive, a powerful oxidizer and a poison. Economic impact analysis for the nitric acid manufacturing nsps by. Nitric acid is on the right to know hazardous substance. Why hno3 should be added in waste water sample before heavy. Tccs nitric acid belongs to the group of inorganic acids. These fertilisers, generally with high nitrogen contents, provide the active nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate or as nitrophosphate formed by the action of nitric acid on phosphate rock. Nitric acid is subject to thermal or light decomposition and for this reason it was often stored in brown glass bottles. Nitric acid is most commonly manufactured by ostwald process. Nitric oxide and water are formed in this process according to the main equation. Technical support document for the nitric acid production sector. Production levels for 2006 have been estimated at 6. A oneml disposable plastic pipette was used for transferring the acid into a graduated cylinder. As a matter of fact, the material safety data sheet states that it has an extreme health rating of 4 which means it is a poison.
Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present, fuming nitric acid is further characterized as white fuming nitric acid or red fuming nitric acid. Quality control the gas streams at the nitric acid plants are analysed to determine the efficiencies of the oxidation of ammonia and of the absorption of nitrogen dioxide in water. China nitric acid, china nitric acid manufacturers and. Review consultants on nitric acid, ad hoc committees of the american. Acute toxicity of fumes from heated, concentrated nitric acid inhaled by animals. White fuming nitric acid, also called 100% nitric acid or wfna, is very close to anhydrous nitric acid. Nitric acid is a colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Nitric acid is also used for metal etching and processing of ferrous metals. Trade name nitric acid, technical grade synonyms nitric acid, 55% 62%. The basic process technology for producing nitric acid has not changed significantly over time. Technical support document for the nitric acid production. Nitric acid is produced industrially through a multistep reaction process known as ostwald process.
Nitric acid is a strong acid, a powerful oxidizing compound, and a nitrating agent. He also discusses the changes that occur in the gauze leading to metal loss during operation. The fertilizer industry uses weak nitric acid in the range of 50 to 65% strength and thus the high concentration above 70% weight nitric acid production process is not included. Nitric acid is a highly corrosive mineral acid and is commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent. Nitric acid pdf msds number 2019 revised december 7, 2006. The composite distillation columns consist of a multistage vacuum tower and an atmospheric pressure tower half of which consists of packed bed. Modeling and simulation of a nitric acid recovery process. Aug 03, 2015 the phosphoric acid content helps to passivate ferrous alloys against corrosion by the dilute nitric acid. It is also the primary reagent used for nitration, means to the addition of a nitro group. Nitric acid is a valuable chemical reagent for the laboratory.
Immediately flush eyes with excess water for 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. A wide variety of nitric acid options are available to you, such as agriculture grade, reagent grade, and industrial grade. There are 5,380 nitric acid suppliers, mainly located in asia. There are three stages in the production of nitric acid. It has many laboratory and industrial uses which include, metallurgy, testing for precious metals. One of the best examples of the same is nitric acid. Environmental protection agency office of air quality planning and standards.
The purpose of this simulation was to observe the thermodynamic. The clean air is recycled through the ammonia recovery plant. One nscr manufacturer, sudchemie, has a unit envicat. Material safety data sheet university of louisville. The remainder about 30 per cent is used by the explosives. Work should be done in a way that avoids handglove contact with nitric acid. Manufacture of organic and inorganic nitrates and nitro compounds for. This article will be concerned with three ways to prepare nitric acid. Environment, safety, health, and quality division chapter 53 nitric acid safe handling guideline 20 may 20 slaci7300a09t010r002 2 of 2. Nitric acid, other than red fuming, with more than 70% nitric acid hazard class. About 70 percent of the nitric acid produced is consumed as an intermediate in the manufacture of. Upon distillation, nitric acid in its pure form begins to boil at 78. However, this discovery was not then commercialised as ammonia was too expensive compared with the chile saltpetre used to manufacture nitric acid in those days. Nitric acid production by the oxidation of ammonia on platinum gauzes constitutes one of the worlds major chemical industries.
Nitric acid manufacturers, nitric acid suppliers and exporters. Hno3, aqua fortis, azotic acid, concentrated nitric acid other than red fuming. One manufacturer noted the coexistence of two concentration threshold values for. Why hno3 should be added in waste water sample before. Research triangle park, north carolina prepared for.
Nitric acid the university of kansas health system. The nitric acid treatment of phosphorus slag was studied, and the recovery efficiencies of various elements were the following. Nitric acid is used in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate for. For these processes weak nitric acid 55 to 65 per cent hno, is usually employed. This reaction may give rise to some nonnegligible variations in the vapor pressure above the liquid because the nitrogen oxides produced dissolve partly or completely in the acid. Consequently, direct contact can result in severe burns. Guidance for transporting nitric acid in tanks contents 1. Gold solubility in nitric acid of copperbullionsalloys. First aid measures always seek professional medical attention after first aid measures are provided. Dissolve 2 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate in 50 ml of water. Nitric acid is also known as aqua fortis or azotic acid. The ammonium nitrate is sent for use in the can plant. A strong acid is an acid which essentially ionizes all its hydrogen ions in water solution. Page 1 of 2 nitric acid university of michiganflint.
The ostwald process converts ammonia to nitric acid and involves two steps. Booklet nr 2 production of nitric acid by fertilizers europe. Highstrength acid 90 percent or greater nitric acid can be produced from dehydrating, bleaching, condensing, and absorption of the weak nitric acid. Anon 1979 nitric acid can be used as a spot test for alkaloids, giving a variety of colors depending on the alkaloid. Sorrels health and environmental impacts division contract no. Nitric acid is colorless when pure but has a yellowish appearance when it is old due to the collection of nitrogen oxides. Local exhaust ventilation or breathing protection is required. These properties make it an important basic chemical compound that is used in the production of many important chemicals such as fertilizers, polyurethanes, organic chemical intermediates, pharmaceuticals, synthetic fibers, dyes, insecticides, fungicides, and explosives. In the tests embodied in this paper, a uniform procedure was employed.
The history of the modern nitric acid pro cess really begins in 1901 when w. Commercially available nitric acid having concentration of 68% hno3, while the solution containing more than 86% hno3, is referred to as fuming nitric acid. Dilute 63 ml of nitric acid with sufficient water to produce ml. Product name nitric acid chemical name nitric acid synonyms hno3, aqua fortis, azotic acid, concentrated nitric acid other than red fuming, engravers acid, hydrogen nitrate proper shipping name nitric acid, other than red fuming, with more than 70% nitric acid chemical formula hno3 other means of identification not available cas number 7697372. Firstly it reduce the ph of water below 2 and this will reduce the precipitation and adsorption. Nitric acid is a colorless to yellow liquid with a characteristic, irritating odor. If exposure to nitric acid vapor occurs, medical observation should.
A nitric acid recovery process using composite distillation columns was modeled and simulated. Economic impact analysis for the nitric acid manufacturing nsps. Nitric acid which is also known as aqua fortis and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid. Potential hazards physical hazards nitric acid is typically a liquid ranging from colorless to light yellow. Formulation fertilizers, washing and cleaning products, surface treatment. Process basis process basis ammonia is reacted with air on platinumrhodium alloy catalysts in the oxidation section of nitric acid plants. It is a toxic and corrosive acid as well as being a strong oxidizer as well, in some cases dangerously so. The manufacture of nitric acid johnson matthey technology. The vacuum tower and the atmospheric pressure tower were modeled by using equilibrium stage method and nonequilibrium stage method respectively.
307 780 438 612 1591 1332 1366 182 1058 798 1281 915 1115 466 868 450 650 612 384 135 977 273 887 1043 172 744 406 1129 1129 170 723 1065 407 88 1422 599 205 993 343 1289 35